Useful sentences
Stories from past holidays — the simple past tense in action.
Grammar
The simple past — and the "soft ch fox cap" trick for knowing which ending to use.
a. The simple past
To form the simple past, start from the [stem] of the verb.
- Singular: add
-deor-te - Plural: add
-denor-ten
luisterento listen · stem: luister
| ik luisterde | I listened |
| jij luisterde | you listened |
| u luisterde | you listened (formal) |
| hij luisterde | he listened |
| wij luisterden | we listened |
| jullie luisterden | you (pl) listened |
| zij luisterden | they listened |
werkento work · stem: werk
| ik werkte | I worked |
| jij werkte | you worked |
| u werkte | you worked (formal) |
| hij werkte | he worked |
| wij werkten | we worked |
| jullie werkten | you (pl) worked |
| zij werkten | they worked |
Note: the formal u never takes the plural -den/-ten ending.
Which ending: -de(n) or -te(n)?
Remember the consonants in 'T FoKSCHaaP5 (the breeding sheep): t, f, k, s, ch, p. If the stem ends in one of those, add -te(n). Otherwise, add -de(n).
| Letter | Stem | Simple past | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| t | ik praat | ik praatte | to talk |
| k | ik werk | ik werkte | to work |
| f | ik straf | ik strafte | to punish |
| s | ik fiets | ik fietste | to bike |
| ch | ik lach | ik lachte | to laugh |
| p | ik stop | ik stopte | to stop |
5. Or, if you prefer: 'XTC-KoFFieSHoP' — same six consonants.
Everything else takes -de(n):
| huren → ik huur | ik huurde | to rent |
| wandelen → ik wandel | ik wandelde | to walk |
| rennen → ik ren | ik rende | to run |
| naaien → ik naai | ik naaide | to sew |
-zen or -ven swap that consonant for s/f before adding the ending: verhuizen → verhuis + de (to relocate), beven → beef + de (to tremble).b. Verbs with an irregular past
| zijn to be | hebben to have | gaan to go | kijken to look | lopen to walk | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ik | was | had | ging | keek | liep |
| jij/u | was | had | ging | keek | liep |
| hij/zij | was | had | ging | keek | liep |
| wij | waren | hadden | gingen | keken | liepen |
| jullie | waren | hadden | gingen | keken | liepen |
| zij | waren | hadden | gingen | keken | liepen |
| Ik fiets naar Rome. | I bike to Rome. |
| Ik fietste naar Rome. | I biked to Rome. |
| Ik huur een auto. | I hire a car. |
| Ik huurde een auto. | I hired a car. |
| Hij is in Utrecht. | He is in Utrecht. |
| Hij was in Utrecht. | He was in Utrecht. |
| Zij hebben weinig. | They have little. |
| Zij hadden weinig. | They had little. |
| Zij maakt foto's. | She makes pictures. |
| Zij maakte foto's. | She made pictures. |
Exercises
Conjugate into the simple past, translate, then tell your own story.
1Fill in the right verb, in the simple past
You might need a dictionary.
- 01Ik … op vakantie. (be)
- 02… je de toren van Pisa? (visit)
- 03… jullie de Dom? (climb)
- 04We … de hele nacht. (dance)
- 05Ze … over het strand (walk — two answers possible)
- 06Hij … een mooie reis. (make)
2Translate
- 01He biked to Venice.
- 02You bought apples in the shop.
- 03They did ice skating in winter.
- 04We slept in the house of the couch surfer.
- 05She ate a lot of tiramisù.
- 06My sister celebrated her birthday.
3Conjugate in present and simple past
4Your turn
Vertel in vijf zinnen over jouw laatste vakantie — tell about your last holiday in five sentences, in the simple past.
Word list
Where you stay, what you do, and how you talk about time.